This is a decision concerning a stay of proceedings under what is now R 14.
The Euro-PCT application under consideration had been filed by Erwin De W. in July 2003. There was a second application, which is dealt with in parallel decision J 6/10.
In a letter dated November 28, 2005, the University Medical Centre of the University of Utrecht (hereinafter “UMC” or “the third party”) submitted that the invention claimed should be considered as belonging to UMC under Dutch law. Suspension of the proceedings under R 13 EPC 1973 was requested.
By a communication dated December 29, 2005, the Legal Division (LD) informed UMC that in the absence of evidence that it had instituted national court proceedings, the proceedings before the EPO could not be stayed.
With letter dated October 30, 2006, UMC filed “a draft of the action of entitlement” against the applicant. In response, the EPO informed UMC that proceedings could not be stayed until such time as the action on entitlement was filed before a competent court.
By letter dated October 22, 2008, UMC filed a further request that the proceedings for grant be stayed, based on proceedings initiated before the District Court of The Hague. As evidence it attached a copy of a writ of summons, in Dutch, dated 15 October 2008. In reply to a communication of the LD, UMC later submitted an English translation of the writ.
By a communication dated January 15, 2009, the proceedings for grant concerning both European patent applications concerned were stayed under R 14(1) as from 22 October 2008.
With letter dated May 22, 2009 the applicant objected to the stay of proceedings and requested their resumption.
On August 17, 2009, the LD issued a decision stating that the grant proceedings would not be resumed. It pointed out that if the conditions for staying proceedings under R 14(1) were fulfilled the EPO was obliged to stay them; it had no discretion in the matter. In view of the interests of both parties involved, the LD did not consider it appropriate to resume the proceedings.
On October 16, 2009, the applicant filed an appeal. Only one appeal fee was paid. The EPO allocated this fee to the application subject of appeal case J 6/10. The statement setting out the grounds of appeal was filed on 14 December 2009.
By communication dated July 2, 2010 the Legal Board of Appeal (LBA) informed the appellant that although in a legal sense there were two separate appeal proceedings (J 6/10 and J 7/10) only a single appeal fee had been paid, which the EPO had allocated to appeal J 6/10. The appellant was given the opportunity either to pay the missing second appeal fee or to indicate clearly and unambiguously to which appeal it wanted the appeal fee paid by debit order dated October 16, 2009 to be allocated.
In its letter dated September 9, 2010 the appellant confirmed within the time limit set by the Board that the said fee should be allocated to appeal J 6/10. It also enclosed a voucher for payment of a second appeal fee, for the present appeal J 7/10. The decision explains why this late payment was accepted (see point [5.1] below).
By communication dated April 21, 2011 the Board informed the appellant that the arguments so far submitted by the appellant failed to convince it that the decision under appeal was erroneous and had to be set aside.
With letter dated December 2, 2011, the third party informed the Board that the reason for which the District Court of The Hague had suspended the Dutch proceedings by decision of April 29, 2009, i.e. pending a decision by the Belgian courts on competence to hear the dispute between Dr De Winter and UMC, no longer applied, the Belgian Supreme Court having ruled that it had no competence to hear that case. However, the Dutch proceedings were still suspended under Dutch law because the attorney of the applicant had retired.
With letter dated July 31, 2012, UMC informed the Board that there was still no decision by the Dutch court on the ownership of the patent applications concerned, and no date had been set for a hearing in the proceedings before the District Court of The Hague.
Oral proceedings before the LBA were held on 13 November 2012. None of the parties was present or represented.
The Board decided to order resumption of the proceedings:
Applicable provisions
[1] R 14 rather than R 13 EPC 1973 applies. R 14 implements A 61. In this respect the Board refers to Article 7(1), second sentence, of the Revision Act of 29 November 2000 (OJ EPO 2001, Special Edition No. 4, 50), Article 1.1, first sentence, of the decision of the Administrative Council of 28 June 2001 on the transitional provisions under Article 7 of the said Revision Act (OJ EPO 2007, Special Edition No. 1, 197) and Article 2 of the decision of the Administrative Council of 7 December 2006 amending the Implementing Regulations to the EPC 2000 (OJ EPO 2007, Special Edition No. 1, 89).
Admissibility of the appeal
[2] The appellant having confirmed within the time limit set by the Board that the appeal fee paid on 16 October 2009 was rightly allocated to J 6/10, and having also enclosed a voucher for payment of a second appeal fee, for the present appeal J 7/10, the appeal is admissible.
The LD’s decision
[3] The arguments submitted by the appellant fail to convince the Board that, by the time it was given the contested decision of 17 August 2009 not to resume the proceedings stayed with effect as from 22 October 2008 was erroneous and would have had to be set aside for that reason.
Under R 14(1) the EPO must stay the proceedings ex officio if a third party shows that it has opened proceedings against the applicant in a contracting state for the purpose of seeking a judgement that it is entitled to the grant of the European patent (J 28/94 [3.1]; T 146/82 [2]; J 10/02 [3.1]; J 7/96 [2]; J 36/97 [2]; J 33/03 [2.1]). These requirements were met once the third party had filed, with letter dated 16 December 2008, an English translation of the writ of summons dated 15 October 2008 which indicated that it had applied to the District Court of The Hague for a judgement that it was entitled to the grant of European patent application 03 816 761. The appellant’s contention that UMC’s unsuccessful attempts to obtain a stay of grant proceedings constituted illegitimate and abusive conduct cannot be taken into account for R 14(1) purposes, but will be considered within the context of the Board’s decision on R 14(3) as regards the auxiliary request (see [4.3] below).
Resumption of proceedings by the Board
[4.1] According to R 14(3), the EPO may, after staying the proceedings for grant, set a date on which it intends to resume them, regardless of the stage reached in the national proceedings instituted under R 14(1). In the present case this pertains to the entitlement proceedings instituted by the third party against the appellant before the District Court of The Hague in October 2008. Under R 14(3) the EPO has discretion to decide whether and as from which date the proceedings for grant are to be continued. In accordance with A 111(1), second sentence, the Board has decided that it will exercise the power within the competence of the department which was responsible for the decision under appeal.
[4.2] Some aspects of the exercise of discretion under R 14(3) have been considered in the case law of the Boards of Appeal of the EPO. These aspects are in particular (i) how long the proceedings before the national courts/authorities have been pending, (ii) the duration of the suspension of grant proceedings, and (iii) requests for suspension of grant proceedings filed at a late stage.
[4.2.1] Regarding aspects (i) and (ii), the period for which the proceedings before the national courts/authorities have been pending and the duration of the suspension of grant proceedings are nearly equal in length. The third party had shown that it had initiated entitlement proceedings before the District Court of The Hague concerning European patent application 03 816 761. The grant proceedings were consequently stayed under R 14(1) as from 22 October 2008. From this it follows that at the time of the present decision of the LBA, the proceedings before the District Court of The Hague and the suspension of grant proceedings concerning European patent application 03 816 761 have both lasted more than four years.
[4.2.2] According to the case law of the Boards of Appeal on R 14(3), a period of more than four years is considerable, both for grant proceedings to be stayed and for entitlement proceedings to be pending in first instance.
In decision T 146/82 [3], “having regard to the considerable length of time for which the proceedings before the UK Patent Office have been pending” (about three years) the Board set a date for resumption of grant proceedings. In decision J 33/03 the Board ordered immediate resumption of grant proceedings when they had been suspended for about three years and two months, even though the main reason for immediate resumption was that the request for suspension had been filed at a very late stage in those proceedings (see [4.6] below).
[4.3] However, the four-year duration both of the suspension of grant proceedings and of the entitlement proceedings pending at the District Court of The Hague is not in itself the sole decisive factor for the Board’s conclusion that prompt resumption of the grant proceedings should be ordered. Rather, it has to be seen in connection with the third party’s procedural conduct in filing its requests under R 14(1) before the LD.
[4.3.1] The third party’s first attempt to achieve stay under R 14(1), by letter dated 28 November 2005, was unsuccessful due to the lack of any evidence that it had instituted national court proceedings. It was then and thereafter informed by the LD that proceedings could not be stayed until such time as the action on entitlement had been filed before a competent court. Almost one year later the third party filed a “draft of the action of entitlement”. By letter dated 22 October 2008 and, hence, another two more years later, the third party again filed a request for the stay of the proceedings for grant relating to European patent application 03 816 761, based on proceedings initiated before the District Court of The Hague. However, it filed as evidence only a copy of a writ of summons, in Dutch, dated 15 October 2008. Only in response to a further communication from the LD did it finally file an English translation of the writ, by letter dated 16 December 2008. Only then was the LD in a position to stay the proceedings for grant under R 14(1), which it then did, with effect from 22 October 2008, by a communication dated 15 January 2009.
[4.3.2] In other words, it took about three years for the third party to file an admissible request complying with R 14(1), even though it had been informed several times by the LD of the requirements which had to be met. Obviously it did not try hard to file a valid request within a reasonable time. Such conduct runs counter to the public interest in clarification of the status and the ownership of the patent application.
[4.4] A related further aspect for the Legal Board is that from an objective point of view the entitlement proceedings initiated in October 2008 before the District Court of The Hague were not actively pursued for a relatively long period, i.e. more than four years. As to the reasons for the discontinuation of the entitlement proceedings, the parties have made differing and partly contradictory submissions.
[4.4.1] With letter of 31 July 2012 the third party informed the Board that the District Court of The Hague had not yet taken any decision on the ownership of the patent application, or set a date for a hearing. Rather, as can be inferred from the third party’s letter dated 15 October 2012, only then was it preparing a reply in order to speed up these proceedings, and it did not expect a first-instance decision from that court until 2014.
[4.4.2] Under Rule 14(3), first sentence, EPC the EPO has discretion to set a date for resumption of the grant proceedings, regardless of the stage reached in the national proceedings (emphasis by the Board) instituted under R 14(1). The order to resume grant proceedings seems all the more equitable and reasonable considering that the grant proceedings have now been stayed for more than four years due to entitlement proceedings before the District Court of The Hague which appear still not very far advanced.
[4.5] The third party refers in its letter of 15 October 2012 to the Guidelines for Examination (A-IV, 2.3), which are not binding on the Boards of Appeal (T 1561/05 [1.5]), but the passage cited does also mention “the probable duration of the court proceedings” as an essential factor. Nor is it inconsistent with the present findings of the Board that the Guidelines say that the grant proceedings must be further stayed “if the judgement [of the national court] is expected in the near future”; as shown above, that is clearly not the case here. Lastly, the “delaying tactics” and “judgement in favour of the applicant” mentioned in the cited passage of the Guidelines are just examples of situations in which the grant proceedings should probably be resumed, and do not exclude other situations justifying resumption of proceedings.
[4.6] Finally, the very late filing of the request for suspension of the grant proceedings is also regarded as a factor which suggests that the grant proceedings should be resumed under R 14(3) (see [4.3], aspect (iii) above; J 33/03 [4.1-2]). When the grant proceedings of European patent application 03 816 761 were suspended with effect from 22 October 2008 by communication of the LD dated 15 January 2009, they were already at a relatively advanced stage, the applicant/appellant had filed – by letter dated 5 November 2008 – amended claims in response to a communication pursuant to A 94(3). This is a less advanced stage than proceedings had reached in the parallel appeal case J 6/10. However, the other factors mentioned above demand that proceedings are resumed in the present case, as well.
[4.7] For these reasons resumption of the proceedings for grant is ordered as of 1 March 2013.
Reimbursement of the appeal fee
[5.1] In its communication dated 2 July 2010 the LBA had explained that there had been two separate requests to stay the grant proceedings, relating to two different European patent applications. Therefore, even though the LD had decided both requests together in one decision, from a legal point of view there were two separate cases giving rise to two decisions of the LD in the legal sense. As a consequence, in order to prevent those decisions from becoming final, an appeal had to be filed for each of the applications concerned and, in order to avoid the legal consequence under A 108, second sentence, two appeal fees had to be paid. The notice of appeal referred to both applications, so there were also two appeals in the legal sense. However, only the amount due for one (single) appeal was paid. Since, however the Board considered that the LD had committed a procedural violation by dealing with the two requests for stay of the proceedings together in one decision and had thereby led the appellant into the error of thinking that one appeal fee would do, the Board considers the principle of good faith demanded to give the appellant the opportunity to pay the further appeal fee within a time limit set by the Board, thereby making good the potentially fatal consequences of the LD’s error for the appellant’s right to judicial review of the LD’s decision.
[5.2] With letter dated 9 September 2010 the appellant submitted a voucher for payment of the second appeal fee, for the present appeal J 7/10. Hence, this fee, which was payable as a consequence of filing the notice of appeal, has been duly paid and is therefore not refundable for this reason.
[5.3] R 103(1)(a) provides that the appeal fee is reimbursed if the Board of Appeal deems the appeal to be allowable and if such reimbursement is equitable by reason of a substantial procedural violation. Whether the procedural violation was substantial can remain moot because, for reimbursement of the appeal fee to be equitable, a causal link must exist between the alleged procedural defect and the decision of the department of the first instance that necessitated the filing of an appeal (J 9/10 [3]; T 388/09 [6]).
[5.4] However, there is no such causal link in the present case. Even if the LD had processed the two sets of proceedings separately and thus legally correctly, it would still have been necessary to file two appeals and pay two appeal fees in order to avoid the legal consequence under A 108, second sentence, and prevent the decisions from becoming final.
[5.5] From this it follows that there is no legal basis for reimbursing the appeal fee paid in respect of the present appeal.
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